Sayed Abdullah

Umnotho waseVietnam ungowesi-44 ngobukhulu emhlabeni futhi kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980 iVietnam yenze ushintsho olukhulu isuka emnothweni wezokulawula ohlangene kakhulu ngokusekelwa umnotho osekelwe emakethe evulekile.

Akumangazi ukuthi futhi ingenye yezomnotho zomhlaba ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwe-GDP sonyaka esingaba ngu-5.1%, okungenza umnotho wayo ube ngowesi-20 ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngo-2050.

Nokho, izwi elidumile emhlabeni wonke ukuthi iVietnam isilungele ukuba enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezinethuba lokuthatha iShayina ngentuthuko yayo enkulu kwezomnotho.

Okuphawulekayo ukuthi iVietnam iyakhula njengesikhungo sokukhiqiza esifundeni, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana nezingubo zendwangu, izicathulo kanye nomkhakha we-elekthronikhi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela ngawo-1980 iShayina ibilokhu idlala indima yesikhungo sokukhiqiza somhlaba wonke ngezinto zayo ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa, abasebenzi kanye namandla ezimboni. Intuthuko yezimboni inikezwe ukunakwa okukhulu lapho izimboni zokwakha imishini kanye nezensimbi zithole ukuqashelwa okuphezulu kakhulu.

Njengoba ubudlelwano phakathi kweWashington neBeijing buqala ukwehla, ikusasa lezindlela zokuhlinzeka ngempahla emhlabeni wonke lisesesikhashana. Ngisho noma imiyalezo engalindelekile ye-White House iqhubeka nokuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nendlela inqubomgomo yezohwebo yase-US eqondiswa ngayo, intela yempi yezohwebo isasebenza.

Okwamanje, imiphumela yomthetho wezokuphepha kazwelonke ohlongozwayo waseBeijing, osongela ukuvimbela ukuzimela kweHong Kong, ibeka engcupheni isivumelwano sokuhwebelana sesigaba sokuqala esivele sibuthakathaka phakathi kwala mazwe amabili amakhulu. Ingasaphathwa eyokwenyuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi kusho ukuthi iChina izophishekela imboni esezingeni eliphezulu engadingi abasebenzi abaningi kakhulu.

Lokhu kungabi nandaba, okuhambisana nomncintiswano wokuthola izinsiza zezokwelapha nokuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, kubangela ukuhlolwa kabusha kwezintambo zokuhlinzeka ngesikhathi esifanele ezinikeza ilungelo lokusebenza kahle ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphathwa kwe-COVID-19 yiShayina kuphakamise imibuzo eminingi phakathi kwamandla asentshonalanga. Kanti iVietnam ingenye yamazwe ayinhloko anciphise izinyathelo zokuqhelelana emphakathini futhi avule kabusha umphakathi wayo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020, lapho amazwe amaningi eqala khona ukubhekana nobunzima nokusabalala kwe-COVID-19.

Umhlaba umangazwe yimpumelelo yeVietnam phakathi nalolu bhubhane lwe-COVID-19.

Ithuba laseVietnam njengesikhungo sokukhiqiza

Ngokumelene nalesi simo somhlaba wonke esiqhubekayo, umnotho wase-Asia okhulayo - iVietnam - uzilungiselela ukuba yindlu enamandla elandelayo yokukhiqiza.

IVietnam ibonakale njengomncintiswano onamandla wokuthola isabelo esikhulu emhlabeni wangemva kwe-COVID-19.

Ngokusho kwe-Kearney US Reshoring Index, eqhathanisa umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza wase-US nokungenisa kwayo okuvela emazweni ayi-14 ase-Asia, ikhuphuke yafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu ngo-2019, ngenxa yokwehla ngo-17% kokungeniswa kwempahla eShayina.

I-American Chamber of Commerce eNingizimu yeShayina iphinde yathola ukuthi ama-64% ezinkampani zase-US eningizimu yezwe ayecabanga ukuhambisa umkhiqizo kwezinye izindawo, ngokusho kombiko we-Medium.

Umnotho waseVietnam ukhule ngo-8% ngo-2019, ngenxa yokwanda kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ngo-1.5% kulo nyaka.

IBhange Lomhlaba libikezela ngesimo esibi kakhulu se-COVID-19 ukuthi i-GDP yaseVietnam izokwehla iye ku-1.5% kulo nyaka, okuyinto engcono kuneningi lomakhelwane bayo baseNingizimu Asia.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngokuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kanzima, ukwakhiwa kwezwe, nokudala izimo zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinhle, iVietnam idonsele izinkampani/ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, inikeze abakhiqizi ukufinyelela endaweni yokuhweba yamahhala ye-ASEAN kanye nezivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhethekile namazwe kulo lonke elase-Asia kanye ne-European Union, kanye ne-USA.

Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi, ezikhathini zamuva nje izwe liye laqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokwelapha futhi lenza iminikelo ehlobene nalokhu emazweni athinteke yi-COVID-19, kanye nase-USA, eRussia, eSpain, e-Italy, eFrance, eJalimane nase-UK.

Enye intuthuko entsha ebalulekile amathuba okuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezinkampani eziningi zase-US kusuke eShayina kuye eVietnam. Futhi ingxenye yaseVietnam yokungeniswa kwezingubo zase-US izuze njengoba ingxenye yaseShayina emakethe yehla - izwe laze ladlula iShayina futhi labeka umhlinzeki wezingubo ohamba phambili e-US ngoMashi nango-Ephreli kulo nyaka.

Imininingwane yokuhweba ngezimpahla zase-US ngo-2019 ikhombisa lesi simo, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-Vietnam iyonke e-USA kukhuphuke ngo-35%, noma amaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-17.5.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, izwe belilokhu lishintsha kakhulu ukuze linakekele izimboni eziningi ezahlukene. IVietnam ibilokhu ishintsha emnothweni wayo wezolimo ukuze ithuthukise umnotho osekelwe emakethe futhi ogxile ezimbonini.

Inkinga okufanele uyinqobe

Kodwa kunezinkinga eziningi okufanele kubhekwane nazo uma izwe lifuna ukuhambisana neShayina.

Isibonelo, uhlobo lwaseVietnam lwemboni yokukhiqiza esekwe kubasebenzi abashibhile lubeka usongo olungaba khona - uma izwe linganyuki ohlwini lwenani, amanye amazwe esifundeni afana neBangladesh, iThailand noma iCambodia nawo ahlinzeka ngabasebenzi abashibhile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemizamo kahulumeni emikhulu yokuletha ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe ekukhiqizweni kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nengqalasizinda ukuze kuhlanganiswe kakhulu nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngogesi lomhlaba wonke, yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe elinganiselwe (ama-MNC) kuphela enemisebenzi yocwaningo nentuthuko elinganiselwe (R&D) eVietnam.

Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luphinde lwadalula ukuthi iVietnam incike kakhulu ekungenisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi idlala indima yokukhiqiza nokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle kwemboni yokusekela exhumanisa emuva kakhulu, kuzoba yiphupho elifiselekayo ukwanelisa lo mkhiqizo omkhulu njengeShayina.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ezinye izithiyo zifaka phakathi ubukhulu beqembu labasebenzi, ukufinyeleleka kwabasebenzi abanamakhono, ikhono lokusingatha ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwesidingo sokukhiqiza, nokunye okuningi.

Enye inkundla ebaluleke kakhulu amabhizinisi amancane, amancane naphakathi (ama-MSME) aseVietnam – aqukethe u-93.7% wamabhizinisi aphelele – anqunyelwe ezimakethe ezincane kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukwandisa imisebenzi yawo izethameli eziningi. Okwenza kube yindawo enzima kakhulu ngezikhathi zobunzima, njengobhubhane lwe-COVID-19.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi athathe isinyathelo sokubuyela emuva futhi acabange kabusha isu lawo lokushintsha indawo – njengoba izwe lisenamamayela amaningi okufanele lihambisane nesivinini saseShayina, ingabe kungaba ngcono ekugcineni ukusebenzisa isu elithi 'iShayina-plus-one' esikhundleni salokho?