I-United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) icele ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokuthutha ukuthi kwakhiwe ukuqina kochungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla ngokwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda kanye nokusimama ukuze kulungiselelwe izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. I-UNCTAD iphinde inxuse amachweba, imikhumbi kanye nokuxhumana kwezindawo ezingaphandle ukuze kuguqukele emandleni aphansi anekhabhoni.

Ngokusho kwencwadi evelele ye-UNCTAD, ethi 'Maritime Transport in Review 2022', inkinga yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla eminyakeni emibili edlule ibonise ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kwempahla nesidingo samandla okuthutha impahla olwandle okuholele ekukhuphukeni kwamanani okuthutha impahla, ukuminyana kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kochungechunge lwenani lomhlaba wonke.

Njengoba idatha ibonisa ukuthi imikhumbi ithwala izimpahla ezingaphezu kuka-80% ezithengiswa emhlabeni wonke, kanye nesabelo esiphezulu nakakhulu emazweni amaningi asathuthuka, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwakha ukuqina ezinkingeni eziphazamisa izintambo zokuhlinzeka, ukukhuphuka kukaphethiloli, futhi kuthinte izimpilo zabampofu kakhulu. eshicilelwe embikweni walo mbhalo.

Ukuntuleka kwempahla yokuthutha kanye nesidingo esikhulu sezimpahla zabathengi kanye ne-e-commerce kuqhuba amazinga okuthutha ama-container aphindwe kahlanu emazingeni awo angaphambi kobhubhane ngo-2021 futhi afinyelela iqophelo eliphezulu kunawo wonke ekuqaleni kuka-2022, okunyusa amanani abathengi kakhulu. Amanani ehle kakhulu kusukela maphakathi no-2022, kodwa asalokhu ephezulu yempahla yamathangi kawoyela negesi ngenxa yenkinga yamandla eqhubekayo.

I-UNCTAD icela amazwe ukuthi ahlole ngokucophelela izinguquko ezingaba khona ekudingweni kokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla futhi athuthukise futhi athuthukise ingqalasizinda yamachweba kanye nokuxhumana kwamanye amazwe, ngenkathi esebenzisana nomkhakha ozimele. Kufanele futhi athuthukise ukuxhumana kwamachweba, andise isikhala kanye nomthamo wendawo yokugcina impahla kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla, futhi anciphise ukushoda kwabasebenzi kanye nemishini, ngokusho kombiko.

Umbiko we-UNCTAD uphakamisa ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okuningi kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kungancishiswa nangokusiza ekuhwebeni, ikakhulukazi ngokushintshashintsha kwedijithali, okunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda nokukhipha impahla emachwebeni futhi kusheshise ukucutshungulwa kwamadokhumenti ngamadokhumenti nezinkokhelo ze-elekthronikhi.

Ukwanda kwezindleko zokuboleka, umbono wezomnotho ongemuhle kanye nokungaqiniseki kwemithetho kuzovimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhunjini emisha enciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa, kusho umbiko. Ukwanda kwezindleko zokuboleka, umbono wezomnotho ongemuhle kanye nokungaqiniseki kwemithetho kuzovimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhunjini emisha enciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa, kusho umbiko.

I-UNCTAD inxusa umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi amazwe athinteke kakhulu ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi angathinteki kakhulu yizimbangela zako awathinteki kabi yimizamo yokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwezokuthutha olwandle.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuvundlile ngokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa kushintshe imboni yokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina. Izinkampani zokuthumela ziphishekela ukuhlanganiswa okuvundlile ngokutshala imali emisebenzini yesikhumulo sezindiza nakwezinye izinsizakalo zokuthutha. Kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2022, isabelo sezinkampani ezithwala amakhonteyina ezingu-20 eziphezulu sikhula sisuka ku-48% saya ku-91%. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abaqhubi abane abakhulu bandise isabelo sabo semakethe, belawula ngaphezu kwengxenye yamandla okuthunyelwa emhlabeni, kusho umbiko.

I-UNCTAD icela iziphathimandla zokuncintisana kanye nezamachweba ukuthi zisebenzisane ukubhekana nokuhlanganiswa kwemboni ngezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuncintisana. Umbiko unxusa ukubambisana okukhulu kwamazwe ngamazwe ukulwa nokuziphatha okuphikisana nokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe kwezokuthutha olwandle, ngokuhambisana nemithetho nezimiso zokuncintisana zeZizwe Ezihlangene.