Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, uNguyen Jinchang, iphini likasihlalo we-Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association, uthe u-2020 unyaka wokuqala lapho ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo eVietnam kukhule kabi ngo-10.5% eminyakeni engama-25. Umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ungamadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-35 kuphela aseMelika, ukwehla ngamadola ayizigidigidi ezi-4 aseMelika kusuka kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-39 aseMelika ngo-2019. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesimo sokuhweba okuphelele kwemboni yezindwangu nezingubo emhlabeni wonke kwehla kusuka kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-740 kuya kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-600 aseMelika, ukwehla okuphelele kwama-22%, ukwehla komncintisani ngamunye ngokuvamile kungu-15%-20%, kanti abanye baze behla bafinyelela kuma-30% ngenxa yenqubomgomo yokuzihlukanisa. , ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo eVietnam akwehlanga kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokungabikho kokuhlukaniswa kanye nokumiswa kokukhiqiza ngo-2020, iVietnam iphakathi kwabathengisi bezindwangu abaphezulu aba-5 emhlabeni. Lesi futhi yisona sizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokusiza ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo eVietnam ukuthi kuhlale kubathengisi abaphezulu aba-5 naphezu kokwehla okukhulu kokuthunyelwa kwezingubo kwamanye amazwe.

Embikweni kaMcKenzy (mc kenzy) owashicilelwa ngoDisemba 4, kwavezwa ukuthi inzuzo yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zomhlaba wonke izoncipha ngo-93% ngo-2020. Izinhlobo zezingubo ezidumile ezingaphezu kwe-10 kanye nezinkampani zokuhlinzeka e-United States ziye zawa, kanti iketanga lokuhlinzeka ngezingubo lezwe licishe libe ngu-20%. Abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi abasebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa akuphazanyiswanga, isabelo semakethe sezindwangu nezingubo zaseVietnam siyaqhubeka nokukhula, sifinyelela ezingeni lika-20% lesabelo semakethe sase-US okokuqala, futhi sesithathe indawo yokuqala izinyanga eziningi.

Njengoba izivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhululekile ezingu-13 ziqale ukusebenza, okuhlanganisa ne-EVFTA, yize zazinganele ukuvala isikhala sokwehla, nazo zidlale indima ebalulekile ekwehlisweni kwama-oda.

Ngokusho kwezibikezelo, imakethe yezindwangu nezingubo ingabuyela emazingeni ka-2019 ekuqaleni kwekota yesibili ka-2022 kanye nekota yesine ka-2023 okungenani. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2021, ukubanjwa yilolu bhubhane kusazoba unyaka onzima futhi ongaqinisekile. Izici eziningi ezintsha zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ziye zavela, okuphoqa izinkampani zezindwangu nezingubo ukuba zivumelane nezimo ngaphandle kokwenza lutho.

Okokuqala ukuthi igagasi lokwehliswa kwentengo ligcwalise imakethe, futhi imikhiqizo enezitayela ezilula ithathe indawo yemfashini. Lokhu kuholele nasekusebenziseni ngokweqile ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nokuntuleka kwamakhono amasha ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwandisa ukuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokunciphisa izixhumanisi eziphakathi.

Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu zemakethe, umgomo omkhulu kakhulu wemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zaseVietnam ngo-2021 ungamadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-39 aseMelika, okushesha ngezinyanga eziyi-9 kuya eminyakeni emi-2 kunemakethe ejwayelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomgomo ophezulu, umgomo ojwayelekile ungamadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-38 aseMelika ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe, ngoba imboni yezindwangu nezingubo isadinga ukwesekwa nguhulumeni maqondana nokuzinzisa umnotho wezwe, inqubomgomo yezimali, kanye namazinga enzalo.

NgoDisemba 30, ngokusho kwe-Vietnam News Agency, abameleli abagunyaziwe (amanxusa) ohulumeni baseVietnam naseBrithani basayina ngokusemthethweni iSivumelwano Sokuhweba Okukhululekile saseVietnam-UK (i-UKVFTA) eLondon, e-UK.　　Ngaphambilini, ngoDisemba 11, 2020, uNgqongqoshe Wezimboni Nokuhweba waseVietnam uChen Junying kanye noNobhala WaseBrithani Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe uLiz Truss basayine isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ukuze baqedele ukuxoxisana ngesivumelwano se-UKVFTA, bebeka isisekelo sezinqubo zomthetho ezidingekayo zokusayinwa ngokusemthethweni kwala mazwe amabili.

Njengamanje, amaqembu amabili ayashesha ukuqedela izinqubo zasekhaya ezifanele ngokuhambisana nemithetho nemigomo yamazwe awo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivumelwano sizoqala ukusebenza ngokushesha kusukela ngo-23:00 ngoDisemba 31, 2020.

Ngokwesimo sokuhoxa kwe-UK ngokusemthethweni kwi-EU kanye nokuphela kwesikhathi soguquko ngemuva kokuphuma kwe-EU (ngoDisemba 31, 2020), ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano se-UKVFTA kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhwebelana phakathi kweVietnam ne-UK ngeke kuphazanyiswe ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi soguquko.

Isivumelwano se-UKVFTA asigcini nje ngokuvula ukuhweba ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo, kodwa futhi sihlanganisa nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njengokukhula okuluhlaza kanye nentuthuko esimeme.

I-UK ingumlingani wesithathu ngobukhulu kwezohwebo eVietnam eYurophu. Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-General Administration of Customs of Vietnam, ngo-2019, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwala mazwe amabili lafinyelela kumadola aseMelika ayizigidigidi eziyi-6.6, okwathi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwafinyelela kumadola aseMelika ayizigidigidi eziyi-5.8 kanti ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwafinyelela kumadola aseMelika ayizigidi eziyi-857. Phakathi nesikhathi kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2019, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka sesilinganiso sokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe saseVietnam naseBrithani sasingu-12.1%, okwakuphakeme kunesilinganiso sonyaka saseVietnam esingu-10%.

Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ethunyelwa yiVietnam e-UK ihlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini kanye nezingxenye zawo ezisele, izindwangu nezingubo, izicathulo, imikhiqizo yasemanzini, imikhiqizo yokhuni nezinkuni, amakhompyutha nezingxenye, ama-cashew nuts, ikhofi, upelepele, njll. Ukungeniswa kweVietnam okuvela e-UK kuhlanganisa imishini, imishini, imithi, insimbi, namakhemikhali. Ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwala mazwe amabili kuyahambisana kunokuba kuncintisane.

Izimpahla zaseBrithani ezingeniswa minyaka yonke zifinyelela cishe ku-US$700 billion, kanti inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-Vietnam e-UK liyi-1% kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kusenendawo enkulu yokuthi imikhiqizo yase-Vietnam ikhule emakethe yase-UK.

Ngemva kwe-Brexit, izinzuzo ezilethwe “yi-Vietnam-EU Free Trade Agreement” (EVFTA) ngeke zisebenze emakethe yase-UK. Ngakho-ke, ukusayina isivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululeka esihlanganisa amazwe amabili kuzodala izimo ezilula zokukhuthaza izinguquko, ukuvula izimakethe kanye nemisebenzi yokusiza ukuhweba ngesisekelo sokuzuza imiphumela emihle yezingxoxo ze-EVFTA.

UMnyango Wezimboni Nokuhweba waseVietnam uthe ezinye izimpahla ezikwazi ukukhula ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emakethe yase-UK zifaka phakathi izindwangu nezingubo. Ngo-2019, i-UK ingenisa kakhulu izindwangu nezingubo ezivela eVietnam. Nakuba iChina inesabelo esikhulu semakethe emakethe yase-UK, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo ezweni e-UK kwehle ngo-8% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Ngaphezu kweShayina, iBangladesh, iCambodia nePakistan nazo zithumela izindwangu nezingubo e-UK. Lawa mazwe anethuba elingcono kuneVietnam ngokwezinga lentela. Ngakho-ke, isivumelwano sokuhweba samahhala phakathi kweVietnam ne-United Kingdom sizoletha intela ekhethekile, okuzosiza izimpahla zaseVietnam ukuba zibe nenzuzo yokuncintisana nabanye abancintisana nabo.