Intuthuko yomhlaba wonkeimboni yezindwanguuchungechunge lwezindwangu lukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ngonyaka kusuka ku-7kg kuya ku-13kg, ngenani eliphelele lamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu zokulahla imfucuza kwaminyaka yonke kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-40. Ngo-2020, izwe lami lizosebenzisa kabusha amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.3 ezindwangu, kanti umkhiqizo wemicu yamakhemikhali uzodlula amathani ayizigidi ezingama-60. Nakuba inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezindwangu liphezulu, izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha liphansi. Kusekhona izindwangu zokulahla imfucuza ezingaphezu kwezingu-2/3 emhlabeni ezingakakwazi ukuthuthukiswa nokuphinde zisetshenziswe.

Izindwangu okuthiwa ezivuselelekayo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengeziphinde zasetshenziswaizindwangulokho kungasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ephinde yakhiqizwa kuyafana, futhi kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu.izindwangu ezilodwa. Ngemikhiqizo yendwangu “elahlekayo” ebolayo, engenalo inani lezomnotho lokululama ngokushesha, ingafakwa umquba endaweni yokulahla imfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalomqondo womnotho ojikelezayo, ubuchwepheshe bezimboni buhlukanisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kube izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwehlisa izinga.

Izindlela zokuvuselela izindwangu zifaka phakathi izindlela zomshini, zomzimba kanye nezamakhemikhali. Indlela yomshini ukucubungula izindwangu zibe imicu emincane noma imicu yokushintsha kabusha noma ukushintsha injongo eyinhloko yezindwangu; indlela yomshini ikakhulukazi imicu yokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi imicu eyakhiwe ukusonta okuncibilikayo, encibilikiswa ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze indwangu incibilike. Ngemva kokuhlunga ukungcola, ingaphothwa noma isetshenziswe kweminye imikhiqizo. Ezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe zefayibha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zingasusa i-epoxy resin ekushiseni okuphezulu, zibuyisele isimo sefayibha, futhi zisetshenziswe emikhiqizweni engeyona eyendwangu ngezinqubo zokusika nokuchoboza; izindlela zamakhemikhali ikakhulukazi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindwangu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemicu kusetshenziswa kabusha ngokwehlukana, futhi izikhathi eziningi kusetshenziswa ukuhlanza izinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa, ukususa kangcono ukungcola kanye nodayi, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa nokuvuselelwa.

Ngo-2020, umkhiqizo wefayibha ye-polyester yezwe lami ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-49.3575, okwenza u-72% wenani lilonke, ukotini ungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-8.6, okwenza u-12%, i-viscose ingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.95, okwenza u-5.8%, i-nylon ibalelwa ku-5.6%. Imicu esele ifinyelela ngaphansi kuka-4%. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kokudla, umkhiqizo wemicu yemvelo efana nekotini, ilineni, noboya uyancipha ngokuphelele. Kuyisu elihlukaniswe ngezigaba lokufaka esikhundleni imicu yemvelo ethile ngemicu yokwenziwa. Umthombo wezinto zokusetshenziswa zefayibha yokwenziwa ungakhetha izinsiza ezisekelwe ku-bio, futhi izinsiza ezivuselelekayo eziphinde zasetshenziswa kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqedwe kancane kancane ukuncika ngokweqile ezinsizeni ezingavuseleleki. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuba nokubaluleka okusebenzayo kokonga izinsiza, ukuvikela imvelo nokunciphisa ukuhlala komhlaba otshaliwe, kodwa futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho ojikelezayo.