Umqondo wezindwangu ezisebenzisana kahle

Emqondweni wezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile, ngaphezu kwesici sobuhlakani, ikhono lokuxhumana liyisici esibalulekile. Njengomanduleli wezobuchwepheshe bezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo nayo ibe negalelo elikhulu ezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile.

Imodi yokusebenzisana yezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi ukusebenzisana okungenamsebenzi kanye nokusebenzisana okusebenzayo. Izindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezinemisebenzi yokusebenzisana okungenamsebenzi ngokuvamile zingabona kuphela izinguquko noma izinto ezishukumisayo endaweni yangaphandle futhi azikwazi ukwenza impendulo ephumelelayo; izindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezinemisebenzi yokusebenzisana esebenzayo zingasabela kulezi zinguquko ngesikhathi esifanele ngenkathi zizwa izinguquko endaweni yangaphandle.

Umthelela wezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokulungiselela ezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile

1. I-fiber eyenziwe ngensimbi - ukukhetha kokuqala emkhakheni wezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo

I-fiber ehlanganiswe ngensimbi iwuhlobo lwe-fiber esebenzayo edonse ukunaka okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zokulwa namagciwane, ukulwa nama-static, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokususa iphunga, isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yezingubo zomuntu siqu, ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ezemidlalo, izindwangu zasekhaya kanye nezingubo ezikhethekile.

Nakuba izindwangu zensimbi ezinezakhiwo ezithile zomzimba zingenakubizwa ngokuthi izindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo, izindwangu zensimbi zingasetshenziswa njengesithwali sezifunda ze-elekthronikhi, futhi zingaba yingxenye yezifunda ze-elekthronikhi, ngakho-ke zibe yizinto ezikhethwayo zezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo.

2. Umthelela wobuchwepheshe obusha bokulungiselela ezindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile

Inqubo yokulungiselela izindwangu ehlakaniphile ekhona isebenzisa kakhulu i-electroplating kanye ne-electroless plating. Ngenxa yokuthi izindwangu ezihlakaniphile zinemisebenzi eminingi yokuthwala umthwalo futhi zidinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu, kunzima ukuthola izembozo ezijiyile ngobuchwepheshe be-vacuum coating. Ngenxa yokuthi akukho okusha kwezobuchwepheshe okungcono, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kunqunyelwe ubuchwepheshe be-physical coating. Inhlanganisela ye-electroplating kanye ne-electroless plating isibe yisisombululo esivumelana nale nkinga. Ngokuvamile, lapho kulungiswa izindwangu ezinezakhiwo zokuhambisa umoya, imicu yokuhambisa umoya eyenziwe yi-electroless plating isetshenziswa kuqala ukuluka indwangu. Isembozo sendwangu esilungiselelwe yilobu buchwepheshe sifana kakhulu kunendwangu etholakala ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-electroplating ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imicu yokuhambisa umoya ingaxutshwa nemicu evamile ngokulingana ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko ngokusekelwe ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi.

Njengamanje, inkinga enkulu ngobuchwepheshe bokumboza ifayibha amandla okubopha kanye nokuqina kwesembozo. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, indwangu idinga ukubhekana nezimo ezahlukahlukene njengokuwasha, ukugoqa, ukuxova, njll. Ngakho-ke, ifayibha eqhubayo idinga ukuhlolwa ukuthi iqine kangakanani, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme enkambisweni yokulungiselela kanye nokunamathela kwesembozo. Uma ikhwalithi yesembozo ingalungile, izoqhekeka futhi iwele ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela. Lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-electroplating ezindwangu zefayibha.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta nge-microelectronic buye babonisa kancane kancane izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bungasebenzisa imishini yokuphrinta ukufaka ngokunembile uyinki oqhubayo ku-substrate, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi engenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu uma kudingeka. Nakuba ukuphrinta nge-microelectronic kungenza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ibe yisibonelo ngokushesha enemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuma-substrate ahlukahlukene, futhi kunamandla omjikelezo omfushane kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso okuphezulu, izindleko zalobu buchwepheshe zisephezulu kakhulu kulesi sigaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogel eqhubayo bukhombisa nezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele ekulungiseleleni izindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka komoya kanye nokuguquguquka, ama-hydrogel eqhubayo angalingisa imisebenzi yesikhumba somuntu neyezinzwa. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, adonsele ukunaka okukhulu emikhakheni yamadivayisi agqokwayo, ama-biosensors afakwayo, kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwenethiwekhi eqhubayo, i-hydrogel inokudluliselwa kwama-electron okusheshayo kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zemishini. Njenge-polymer eqhubayo ene-conductivity elungisekayo, i-polyaniline ingasebenzisa i-phytic acid kanye ne-polyelectrolyte njengezinto ezifaka isandla ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hydrogel eqhubayo. Naphezu kokuguquguquka kwayo okwanelisayo komoya kagesi, inethiwekhi ebuthakathaka futhi ebuthakathaka iyayiphazamisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, idinga ukuthuthukiswa ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo.

Izindwangu ezisebenzisanayo ezihlakaniphile zakhiwe ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obusha bezinto ezibonakalayo

Izindwangu zememori yokwakheka

Izindwangu zememori yokwakheka zifaka izinto ezinomsebenzi wememori yokwakheka ezindwangu ngokuluka nangokuqeda, ukuze izindwangu zibe nezakhiwo zememori yokwakheka. Umkhiqizo ungafana nensimbi yememori, ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa, ungalungisa ukuma kwawo kube okwangempela ngemva kokufinyelela izimo ezithile.

Izindwangu zokukhumbula ukuma zifaka kakhulu ukotini, usilika, izindwangu zoboya kanye nezindwangu ze-hydrogel. Indwangu yokukhumbula ukuma eyathuthukiswa yi-Hong Kong Polytechnic University yenziwe ngokotini nelineni, okungalulama ngokushesha kube bushelelezi futhi kuqine ngemva kokushiswa, futhi kukwazi ukumunca umswakama kahle, ngeke kushintshe umbala ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, futhi kumelana namakhemikhali.

Imikhiqizo enezidingo zokusebenza ezifana nokushisa, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumuncwa komswakama, ukumuncwa komoya, kanye nokumelana nomthelela yizona zindawo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezindwangu zememori yesimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emkhakheni wezimpahla zabathengi zemfashini, izinto zememori yesimo nazo sezibe izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuveza ulimi lokuklama ezandleni zabaklami, okunikeza imikhiqizo imiphumela evelele kakhulu.

Izindwangu zolwazi ezihlakaniphile ze-elekthronikhi

Ngokufaka izingxenye eziguquguqukayo ze-microelectronic kanye nezinzwa endwangu, kungenzeka ukulungiselela ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi lwezindwangu ezihlakaniphile. I-Auburn University e-United States ithuthukise umkhiqizo wefayibha ongakhipha izinguquko zokukhanya kokushisa kanye nezinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibangelwa ukukhanya. Lokhu okubalulekile kunezinzuzo ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wokubonisa okuguquguqukayo kanye neminye imishini yokukhiqiza. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezibandakanyeka kakhulu emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe beselula zibonise isidingo esikhulu sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obuguquguqukayo, ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe bokubonisa izindwangu obuguquguqukayo luthole ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nomfutho wentuthuko.

Izindwangu zobuchwepheshe ezijwayelekile

Ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezindwangu ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-modular ukulungiselela izindwangu kuyisisombululo samanje esingcono kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe sokufeza ubuhlakani bezindwangu. Ngephrojekthi ye-"Project Jacquard", i-Google izibophezele ekufezeni ukusetshenziswa kwe-modular kwezindwangu ezihlakaniphile. Njengamanje, ibambisene ne-Levi's, i-Saint Laurent, i-Adidas kanye neminye imikhiqizo ukwethula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindwangu ezihlakaniphile zamaqembu abathengi ahlukene.

Ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezisebenzisanayo akuhlukaniseki ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokubambisana okuphelele kwezinqubo ezahlukene zokusekela. Ngenxa yokwehla kwezindleko zezinto ezintsha ezahlukahlukene emakethe namuhla kanye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imibono enesibindi izozanywa futhi isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo ukuze inikeze ugqozi olusha kanye nesiqondiso embonini yezindwangu ezihlakaniphile.